Global warming essay writing
Descriptive Essay Topics For Grade 9 Icse
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Gangs Essay -- essays research papers
Being that the nearest that I have ever come to posses or packs brutality is in TV of motion pictures, this point charmed me. What makes an individual need to turn out to be a piece of something that is so rough and hazardous? For what reason would somebody hazard everything to risk their lives for individuals that are not even their blood family members? As I read the material that I found in the library about packs, I discovered a ton about how this present children's' however procedure functions. They accept that the pack individuals are their family; to them it isn't viewed as the evil association of thoughtless viciousness for what it's worth to us "normal" Americans. To them the posse is their family. Children are joining groups at more youthful ages; our present adolescent equity framework is not, at this point sufficient for the present solidified youthful posse individuals. As indicated by ongoing investigations in socioeconomics the issue isn't disappearing. This issue whenever overlooked is going to prompt the rot of our general public. In a significant number of the articles that I read about pack viciousness they cautioned of the looming youth wrongdoing emergency. Youth rough wrongdoing has been rising drastically for over 10 years. An upward flood in young culprits of savagery is supplemented by an extraordinary development in youth living with almost no grown-up oversight. For a considerable length of time generally grown-ups drove brutal wrongdoing, with kids included for the most part in property related misconduct. Has been changing that adolescents are turning out to be considerably more ...
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Essays
The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Essays The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Paper The Comparison of Characters in Reference to Beowulf Paper In any case, I locate this false, the characters In Beowulf are progressively powerful and have more prominent virtue when thoroughly analyzed to characters In most advanced books. At the point when we think about the epic Beowulf the primary thing that strikes a chord Is simply the shopping center character of the story Beowulf himself. All through the story he Is by a long shot the most unique character and we see a greater amount of his Inner self than any other person In the story. We witness Beowulf create from an upstart youngster Into an insightful, gracious, old lord. For instance, we watch this change for the most part in the explanation that he battles: when he was youthful Beowulf battled for himself, for self wonder, toward the finish of the epic (in the battle with the mythical beast) we see that he battles for his kin sacrificially and without care for his own wellbeing. In his more youthful days Beowulf battled Greened without weapons so the battle would be on reasonable standing, yet when we view Beowulf when he is more seasoned, he doesn't abandon any favorable position when he sets himself in opposition to the monster, it is this one of a kind change that informs us so much regarding how he feels about the mythical beast as paired to how he felt of Greened when they battled. In that fight Beowulf needed to substantiate himself, so he didn't utilize weapons so the battle would be on footing; then again, in the fight with the winged serpent he was securing his kin so he utilized every one of his weapons and abilities to vanquish the mammoth, he needed to guarantee cap he would not lose at any expense. While searching for a cutting edge novel to appear differently in relation to Beowulf I found a huge arrangement of books composed by R. A. Salvatore, this arrangement is known as the Forgotten Realms arrangement and has one primary character all through the whole arrangement. This character is named Drizzle, and in the wake of perusing a considerable lot of these books I can offer a genuine input about the arrangement. I found that in this arrangement the principle character scarcely changes by any stretch of the imagination, one could state that the character is totally aloof all through the whole arrangement; not through Just one book, or section, yet all through the whole ascent he scarcely grows mentally as a character. I found that through this arrangement Drizzle changes areas, closet, weapons, and partners. Nonetheless, I found that he doesn't change what he battles for or why he battles; a portion of different characters In the books change, however none so significantly in order to be contrasted with Beowulf. By watching the virtues In Beowulf society we find numerous saltcellars to our own arrangement of qualities. In any case, there are additionally some not really pay esteems found In this work, for example, the greatness and nature of cordiality appeared to Beowulf by Warthogs. This social worth is one that we don't stretch out to everybody that goes to our home, not at all like Harington we 00 not esteem now everybody reels tout us nor 00 we Tell committed to regard everybody as visitors. This deficiency is Just one of the numerous things in todays society that has been corrupting since the hour of Beowulf and previously. The straightforward realities are that we don't believe that we can bear the cost of a similar sort of accommodation and respect that Warthogs gives to his guests. We don't have the opportunity to thank somebody that comes to assist us with an issue, we have to recover the issue fixed and et to life. There are not very many of us that assume likened to Warthogs. For instance, on the off chance that we are benevolent to a circuit repairman and help him in any capacity conceivable, possibly get him a beverage or something, in the event that we ever need his administrations again I would wager that his fixes are more brief and his disposition is better than if we had been mean or not interested in him the last time he needed to come fix something. It makes me believe that Warthogs has some sound judgment in acting thusly to Beowulf; this is Just one case of the ethical deficiencies we find when contrasting Beowulf society with our own. All things considered, when contrasted with the characters in present day books I find that Beowulf is commonly better in many angles. He doesn't miss the mark with regards to moral choices, he accepts everything, and he isn't inadequate in the courage division. His character is exceptionally unique and changes all through the epic, that as well as his confidants change alongside him, some for better and some in negative ways. I can't resist the opportunity to respect this epic in the entirety of its wonder, in addition to the fact that it is an extraordinary story with a decent plot it has made due for longer than a centuries and right up 'til the present time never neglects to engage perusers. How might I look at some novel that isn't so much as thirty years of age to this epic, I don't anticipate that any cutting edge novel should be as extraordinary as Beowulf or to accomplish such a degree of acclaim and regard. If one somehow happened to ask me for what reason, I would advise them to check with me in a thousand years and check whether they could locate their preferred novel from the present being concentrated in schools over the world. And still, after all that I question that it would be comparable to Beowulf nor besides some other works composed around that time. Generally speaking the epic Beowulf has preferable character improvement over practically any cutting edge book that I have had the delight, or dismay, to peruse.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Standard Language Ideology and Discriminatory â⬠Free Samples
Question: Examine about the Standard Language Ideology and Discriminatory. Answer: Presentation Principally, language segregation depends on highlight, jargon and punctuation. Without a doubt, any type of separation isn't useful for the individuals treated in an unexpected way. Essential, the presence of the United States of America Civil Rights Act of 1964, is adequate evidence of the presence of different types of separation to which the Act looks to redress(Lippi-Green.2015).Specifically, the Act disallows working environment segregation dependent on the language attributes of the representative dependent on the way that a potential client or business discover the specialist's language quality not engaging along these lines attesting to the way that segregation dependent on an individual highlight is genuine as it gets. Furthermore, the United States government actualized a grumble system for the people in question. This further insinuates the truth of the presence of emphasize based separation. Additionally, the way that there are a few attempted cases revealed since the year 1972 shows that there are survivors of language-based separation. Nonetheless, not all instances of language-based separation are accounted for because of different reasons. Apparently, equity is influenced by language (Eades,1996).There are high rates of indigenous detained people to which a few people think it is because of their restricted relational abilities or their fundamental language contrasts. Without a doubt, the way that a blamed individual can't obviously comprehend what goes on in their own preliminary, is not really a reasonable preliminary yet in addition an infringement of the denounced people right to equity. For people influenced by language-based segregation, individual dissatisfaction botched chances, the out of line preliminary is a portion of the results experienced by the person in question (Hedley, 2006).Every person is qualified for a privilege of reasonable preliminary which incorporates the option to protect oneself against the claims. One such way is giving declaration in ones kindness to which Robyn, was not agreed. Encroachment of essential human rights is an immediate and relatable result of language-based separation. This demonstrates how adversely such language-based separation impacts. As indicated by Eades, indigenous people can't look for explanation or unfit to completely comprehend the procedures against them because of the foundational language contrasts. This is almost certain to prompt an unsuccessful labor of equity. Basically, Language separation impacts are simply negative. The influenced party feels embarrassed and now and then wants to be self-absorbed (Tan, n .d).Also, bad form can be a result of segregation as prove by the absence of chance to safeguard oneself by giving proof and work environment language based separation (Hedley, 2006: Lippi-Green, 1994).Owing to the way that the denounced preliminary partook without her dynamic contribution is profoundly unfair. Significantly, Lippi Green and Hedley concur that separation has negative outcomes on their casualties. Primarily, Lippi centers around work environment separation while Hedley centers around legitimate foul play .However, both concur that segregation are an infringement of human rights and contrarily sway on the people in question. End Convincingly, language put together segregation contrarily impacts with respect to the people in question. Be that as it may, legitimate roads, for example, enactment and related offices can give review .Language separation has prompted vile lawful procedures, work environment treacheries, poor scholastic scores in English among other constrained encounters. Likewise, language impacts on the future vocations of indigenous individuals .However, through legitimate channels, for example, enactments, offices, the negative impacts can be tended to. With everything taken into account no individual has the right to be segregated on any tally. References Eades, D. (1996).Legal Recognition of social contrasts in correspondence: The instance of Robyn Kina.. Science Direct..Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0271530996000110 Hedley, T. (2006, Dec 16).Failure of an equity framework that feels very recognizable. The Australian. Recovered from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/country/disappointment of-equity framework that-feels-very recognizable/story-e6frg6nf-1111112697062 Lippi-Green, R. (1994).Accent, standard language philosophy, and Discriminatory guise in the courts. Cambridge University Press. Recovered from https://www.jstor.Org/stable/4168513 Tan, A. (n. d).Mother's tongue.UMSL.Retrieved from https://www.umsl.edu/~alexanderjm/Mother%20Tongue%20by%20Tan.pdf
Saturday, June 13, 2020
The Iraq War Battle - Free Essay Example
The Iraq War (2003-2011) was a battle fought between Iraq and the US. The US, suspecting that Iraqs dictator Saddam Hussein had a large quantity of weapons of mass destruction invaded Iraq in 2003 to eliminate any possible threats and save its people from its dictator. Saddam was a Sunni muslim who used forced power to develop his power in the Middle East. He oppressed Iraqs Shiite Arabian population, allowing the Sunni Muslims to remain dominant in power. The Iraq War consisted of two different phases. The first was a battle fought in March and April of 2003 on the grounds of Iraq. Troops from the United States and allies invaded Iraq and defeated the Iraqi military. The second, longer battle where the US troops in Iraq faced a rebellion. The battle was bloody and both sides suffered many fatalities. Fighting began to decline in 2007 and the US military slowly degraded its presence in Iraq, completing its removal in 2011. In 2006 Saddam Hussein was captured and was found guilty of inhumane acts towards his people and was sentenced to death by hanging. He desperately tried to hide and evade the US. government but was ultimately caught. In the end no weapons of mass destruction was found in Iraq. The war left the US. in debt. The war cost around $1.06 trillion. At the time, Americans did not truly feel the toll that the battle had taken on their economy. It is only recently that the citizens are feeling the burden of the war. It is estimated that families pay a total of $300 billion in taxes to help the government pay off their debt. The $300 will only increase in numbers in the following decades. Additionally to the amount of money the war cost the US, numerous amounts of soldiers lost their lives. Due to the war 4,488 U.S. troops who died, the 32,226 who suffered injuries, and their families. The war left the soldiers in ruins. It is estimated that 20 veterans commit suicide due the the trauma they suffered from the war. The war also took a big toll on Iraq. Even though the war had we asked al-Qaeda, a terrorist group, the irritation that the war had started created a new terrorist group that would star wars all over the world. The myth of Pandoras box was told by the Greeks to explain the negative aspects of life. In the myth two titan brothers, Epimetheus and Prometheus steal fire from the gods and give it to the humans, without giving credit to the gods. The gods get enraged and devise a plan to get revenge on the brothers and humans. Zeus, king of the gods, orders Hephaestus, god of craftsmen, to build him a beautiful woman whom he named Pandora. Pandoras beauty and charm would be used to bring on misery to the human race. Zeus married Pandora to Epimetheus and as a wedding gift gave her a box with a key. She was constantly warned by her husband and brother-in-law to not open the box, but curiosity got the best of Pandora. When Epimetheus fell asleep one night Pandora got up and opened the box. U pon opening the box sickness, death, greed and, many other unnamed evils flew out of the box. Pandora tried closing the box but before she could succeed, a tiny bug flew out. The bugs name was Hope and it was the only good that the human race could depend on. The myth of Pandoras box was made to explain why there are evils in this world. It explains why people are wicked, why they are greedy, why they face death, and overall explains why people act in sinful ways and why they face hardships and sufferings. But it also explains how humanity has nothing but hope to get them through life. In Pandoras box Pandora was unaware to the contents of the box. She did not realize what was in the box until she opens the box and all the horrors come flying out in the world. Similarly, when the US entered the Iraq War they did not realize what doom they forced upon themselves. They put both the people of Iraq and American soldiers in jeopardy. People suffered. Many people faced the misery of losing a loved one or dealing with trauma caused by the war. This is relates to Pandora opening her box because when both America and Pandora did not realize the horrible things that happened due to their actions. When Pandora opens her box all the horrible things of the world are released. One of these things being war. War is devastating and results in mass destruction. This is true for the Iraq War. America was left in debt and Iraq was left in ruins.
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Essay on Lack of Economic Equality in Society - 1326 Words
Everywhere in the world there are gross inequities of income and wealth. They offend most of us stated Milton and Rose Friedman in Created Equal (280) . Economic inequalities cause poverty, this disparity fuels social conflict. This economic oppression thrives within the heart of all societies. Poverty is recognized in many forms: hunger, homelessness, being ill without the ability to seek medical attention. Poverty also includes powerlessness, lack of freedom, spurred on by lack of representation. During economic change, whether gradual or suddenly, the fallout has an effect on all people. Social inequality is deeply and tightly woven throughout the world, defined by race, ethnicity, gender,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The social conflict paradigm recognizes that patterns which benefit some people more than others due to their social standings. America was once described a rich and free country where the streets are paved with gold and opportunity is knocking around every corner. Why then, are there so many poor people in America and more disturbingly that most of these poverty level people are women? The answer is quite recognizable, the disparity originates with economic inequality. Economic society does not provide the same opportunities for a man versus a Woman, nor to poor people versus people who come from a rich and prestigious family. For example, assume that a man and a woman both with the same academic backgrounds and qualifications apply for a job, the man has a marginally superior chance to secure the job as opposed to the woman?s odds. Discrimination plays a paramount role in our society today and discrimination and f avoritism is what fuels and sustains economic inequality. The woman applicant doesn?t have the same advantages, written or not written, spoken or unspoken than that of the man, these factors create social barriers. Often times we wonder why is this happen, because we are created equal as Thomas Jefferson emphasized inShow MoreRelatedThe Article Fixing Women Or Fixing The World? Smart Economics , Efficiency Approaches, And1540 Words à |à 7 Pages The purpose of the paper is to review the article, ââ¬Å"Fixing women or fixing the world? ââ¬Å"Smart economicsââ¬â¢, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in developmentâ⬠by Sylvia Chant Caroline Sweetman. This article primarily focuses on ââ¬ËSmart economicsââ¬â¢, referring to an investment in women for encouraging economic growth and providing impetus to womenââ¬â¢s empowerment and gender equality. This article addresses four main points. First, at the UNââ¬â¢s Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995Read MoreDeontology Is An Ethical Theory900 Words à |à 4 Pages Throughout history, wars over the meaning of equality have been expressed in many ways for the purpose of establishing one standard to the meaning of equal. Equal is being treated with the same respect regardless of gender. The theory of deontology has defined and developed the meaning of equal within society. However, it has been a slow process. Miscommunication and misunderstanding to the meaning of gender equality is responsible for personal and social tyranny. Happiness, fairness, and dignityRead MoreRacial Inequality1108 Words à |à 5 Pageshistory rooted in the struggle for equality and recognition as members of the American society. Over time, since the creation of the Constitution, blacks have continued to search for their role in America and have gained some formal standards for the black race. Although at the framing of the Constitution, blacks were not given the regard as citizens or even whole people, time progressed and gave way to opportunities to acquire legal aid in the crusade for racial equality. With the ability to utilizeRead More Constructing and Reconstructing Essay1291 Words à |à 6 Pagesalso recognized that the Constitution did not address ordinary citizenââ¬â¢s concern, and it would need to be ratified by the 13 states. As Woody Holton explains, the Founding Fathers felt that the uneducated citizens had ââ¬Å"driven the country toward economic recessionâ⬠, proving that they do not ââ¬Å"possessed the ability to govern themselvesâ⬠(Hollitz, 94). Also, the Confederation demonstrates the dangers of democracy showing that common people should not have control over their government. 2. From FederalistRead MoreHow Women Empowerment Can Help Overcome Discrimination On The Social And Economical Level? Essay1354 Words à |à 6 PagesSchizophrenia research, 12. Summary Economic development of countries and concept of women empowerment are positively related. It is the policy commitment for equal representation of women on the economic level that can help in eliminating the discriminatory practices. Making developments on the basis of equality is the human right of men and women on an international level. Both sides of empowerment and development can increase the chances of living on the basis of equality. Benefit development and potentialRead MoreEmpowerment Of Women And The Development Of Muslim Family Law1507 Words à |à 7 Pagesover the world women from various cultural and social backgrounds have a long tradition of rights and responsibilities to live in society with respect and dignity. Though there are difference between men and women in specific aptitude, powers and functions they have to be regarded as complementary to each other. We canââ¬â¢t deny that one sex is making up what other lacks acting in specific sphere in different roles. But throughout the history women observe oppression, maltreatment and discriminationRead MoreWhat policies and with what success did Nehru implemented?1528 Words à |à 7 PagesIn what ways and with what success did Nehru deal with the economic and social problems facing India? Jawaharlal Nehru, leader of the Indian National Congress and later Indiaââ¬â¢s first prime minister, led the Congress Party to victory in Indiaââ¬â¢s first three general elections. Nehru was born in 1889, educated in England and then returned back to India. In the 1920à ´s he travelled around India and was alarmed by the Indian people suffering from poverty and oppression. Inspired by his travelling aroundRead MoreJohn Rawls and Equality1052 Words à |à 5 Pages Equality stands side by side with no contingencies. To be truly equal there has to be no disadvantages. A society cannot have equality when arbitrary hinders its growth. John Rawls a philosopher of egalitarianism believes that an equal society is essential to its productivity. It is not fair for moral Arbitrariness to have superiority over the less fortunate in justice and the free market. There should be opportunities given to start at the same starting point regardless of status quo. EveryoneRead MoreRonald Dworki ns Liberal Morality892 Words à |à 4 PagesDworkin begins by roughly defining liberalism according to the New Deal: It combined an emphasis on less inequality and greater economic stability with more abundant political and civil liberty for the groups campaigning for these goals. Dworkin states that such a definition is inadequate and goes on to elaborate on liberalism in more depth. The liberal, in economic policies, demands that the inequalities of wealth be reduced through social programs such as welfare and other redistribution financedRead MoreGender Discrimination Of Women In Pakistan879 Words à |à 4 PagesPeople focus on foreign cultures when they discuss societies that have strong ties to tradition. Traditional societies often lack gender equality and do not allow women to feel empowered in their community. In Pakistan, gender disparity is a great issue as women make up 59 percent of the 160 million population. Although women make up more than half of the Pakistani popu lation, celebration of women is rarely seen due to sex discrimination. Ancient traditions and social norms are firm in the Pakistani
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Contributions Of Paul On The Rise Of Christianity
Paris Hunt Dr. Charles Ellis HUM 1101 June 8, 2015 Chapter 4 Discussion Explain the contributions of Paul to the rise of Christianity. Paul of Tarsus is the most essential figure in early Christianity. His transformation to Christianity opened doors for the religion. Paul s associations, political aptitudes, and Roman citizenship gave opportunities other Christian pioneers needed. Paul s work made Christianity open for the masses and expanded its range past the Holy Land (Fiero 98). Paul was a Roman citizen and Jewish. His citizenship gave benefits and immunities shut to numerous early Christians. Furthermore, he was knowledgeable and rich which brought political associations that the Apostles needed. Paul was especially famous amongst Jewish leader. Initially, Paul aggrieved Christians as blasphemers. He accepted the Christians distorted Judaism by asserting Christ s divine nature. At some point after Christ s crucifixion, he changed over. As indicated by tradition, Jesus went by Paul on the road toward Damascus. In the vision, Christ asked Paul why do you persecute me? The vision shortly blinded Paul and prompted his change. Some current researchers conjecture that Paul of Tarsus endured a seizure which prompted pipe dreams. He in the long run recaptured his sight and changed over. After his transformation, Paul started his service. He isolated himself from the congregation in Jerusalem. This is essential for two reasons. Initially, it permitted him to buildShow MoreRelatedWhat Stands Beyond The Triumph Of Christianity1695 Words à |à 7 Pages What Stands Beyond the Triumph of Christianity For several centuries of Roman Empire existence, it seemed that nothing could stand against its mighty power. No kingdom could match their military or political power for over five hundred years. However, the Rise of Christianity brought the defeat upon Romans. Initially, the new religion appeared to be nothing more than a branch of Judaism. Jesus was perceived as a teacher, healer, and a commoner, who ended up being executed as a public criminalRead MoreThe Fullness of Time1279 Words à |à 6 PagesThe political, intellectual, and religious contributions of the historical era that preceded the incarnation of Christ call attention to the words spoken by Paul in Galatians, ââ¬Å"When the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son.â⬠The religious preparations for the advent of the Messiah and the subsequent rapid emergence of Christianity were brought about politically by the Romans and intellectually by the Greeks, while the religious contribution of the Jews was more intimate because of heredityRead MoreEssay The Rise of Christianity Analysis944 Words à |à 4 Pages Why has Christianity grown so fast and how itââ¬â¢s spread through so many different counties. From what I have gathered from the readings I think some of the major events that happened was the temples getting destroyed over and over until they finally just kind of gave up. Also, how they stayed with other people no matter poor rich hungry cold, they even stayed and help people when the plague was there. That was when the religion really started to spread, due to people seeing more Christians surviveRead MoreChristianity : The Early Church And The Dawn Of The Reformation1203 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe trajectory of the Church as it stands today. In The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation, Justo Gonzà ¡lez points to two apostlesââ¬âPeter and Paul, or Saulââ¬âas exemplars of such leadership, and the evidence suggests that both of these men had a considerable influence on the evolution of the Church. Concerning credentials, both apostles were more than qualified to drive the advancement of the Church. Paul, for instance, writes in Galatians 2:9 that Peterââ¬âwhom the RomanRead MorePeace Is Complex And Multi Faceted. Peace1402 Words à |à 6 Pagesjustice, economic inequality or political and religious radicalism. By responding to these causes, Christianity and Islam reflect Fulghumââ¬â¢s statement ââ¬â innumerous peace organisations, vocal individuals and guidance to inner and world peace are common in both traditions, the basis for which can be found in their holy texts. In many ways, religion is an ideology ââ¬â a path ââ¬â to peace. As such, Christianity and Islam, sharing a common foundation as traditions of peace, strive to promote and create thisRead MoreThe Relationship between Faith and Reason1369 Words à |à 6 PagesAshley Reynolds STUDENT TH101: THEOLOGY MAJOR ESSAY FaithReason ââ¬Å"Faith and Reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truthâ⬠Explain the dangers for a theologian when faith and reason are divorced from each other. 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The main contribution would have to of been the invasion by barbarians. As the barbarians invaded the church converted. Their motto was, ââ¬Å"to convert the monarch and the people would eventually follow . There were positive and negative ramifications to this realityRead MoreThe Importance of Women Within Christianity2562 Words à |à 11 PagesThe Importance of Women Within Christianity The role of women in Church has forever been scrutinized and misunderstood; although many churches continue to refuse women certain rights, it cannot be overseen the vast contributions women have given to Christianity and vice versa. All forms of Christianity use scriptures to guide their beliefs, theories and practices. For centuries it has been disputed and argued as to how scriptures should mold religious practices with changing times; with thisRead MoreA Survey Of Related Literature3008 Words à |à 13 Pagesmethod. Thus, he stated, ââ¬Å"We must first appreciate the importance of the doctrine of the resurrection. We must make clear the problem of faith and history that so much colors the contemporary discussion. Then our primary aim is to try to explain the rise of the resurrection faith.â⬠He also treats the Nature of the Gospels and the Witness of the Gospels. The Nature of the Gospels is a brief treatment that sets forth Ladd s conservative conclusions on the dates and trustworthiness of the
Erp Implementation at Mtr Foods free essay sample
Foods has been able to simplify its supply chain and increase its bottom-line growth. A MTR Foods has been grappling with the intricacies of managing its supply chain to generate a profitable rate of growth. Among the top-five processed food manufacturing companies in the country, the company has seven diverse businessesââ¬âready-to-eat foods, instant foods, ice-cream, meal accompaniments, frozen foods, spices amp; masalas, and vermicelliââ¬âand 200 products in all. The company also exports its products to the US, Canada, Europe and Australia. The raw material required for each plant is unique. Maintaining quality while managing such a complex supply chain that involves everything from the selection of products to sending out the finished products was difficult. For instant food, we have 600 raw materials to source. As the company is in the processed foods industry, it cannot buy the raw materials that are required in bulk in advance. In the pre-SAP period we used to buy 65 percent of our annual raw material requirement in the agricultural season to get the best of the yield, which would lead to our working capital getting locked up. We will write a custom essay sample on Erp Implementation at Mtr Foods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some percentage of this raw material used to spoil, and had to be discounted leading to a clear input cost loss. Similarly, for our vermicelli production, we used to source 12,000 tonnes of ââ¬Ëchiroti sujiââ¬â¢ from 40 different suppliers as far away as Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana. The first challenge was to ensure a steady and transparent supply chain since inefficiencies and delays in supplies are common and natural in agricultural commodity markets, leading to spiralling costs. Everything was done in Excel. From the bill of material onwards, the issuing of bills, input/output entry and cost analysis were compiled manually. Since data entry was done lot-by-lot and batch-by-batch, it was a time-consuming task and the process was prone to errors. Because of the manual paper-based entry system, a lot of paper bills used to land up in the finance department where they were consolidated. Reporting (accounting) was possible only after a month. Data that had been keyed in or printed during the first fifteen days of a particular month was not available. Daily reports for analysing raw material procured vis-a-vis profitabilityââ¬âwhich was desirableââ¬âremained a dream. The management did not get even preliminary data for making decisions. MTR Foods was using many legacy applications that had been developed in-house. For example, for accounting they used Tally, for purchase orders and inventory a FoxPro package. The lack of control and check mechanisms allowed anybody to alter data and goods receipt notes. Production flow and warehousing was also handled by a FoxPro application. None of these applications was linked, and duplicate entries flourished whenever there was a transfer of materials from one plant to the other. The company wanted to maintain its CAGR of 30 percent, and set an internal target of touching Rs 500 crore by 2007. To achieve this it need to grow even faster, at 50 percent. But cranking up production called for increased spending on its supply chain. The natural corollary was that an ERP package was the need of the hour. After four months of evaluating popular MNC ERP systems, MTR zeroed in on SAP in 2002 because it permitted online updating using VPN as against a competing product that required additional investment in a VSAT network. SAPââ¬â¢s solution was also found to be more economical, and its release of patches was faster. In March 2003, the company settled on SAP R/3 Enterprise Version 4. . Five key modules were to be deployed: production planning, material management, quality assurance, sales amp; distribution, and financial accounting. Instead of customising R/3 which would have required us to make a further investment, we decided to re-engineer our business processes to suit the R/3 package. For instance, purchase negotiations used to be conducted at the Bangalore head office; this activity was shifted to the plant. The release of payments (invoicing and verification) was done at the plant; this task was shifted to the head office. The process re-engineering to suit R/3 led to a smooth deployment, with Lamp;T Infotech as the implementation partner. The apex steering committee identified ten key functional heads for training, who, in turn, trained fifty other users. In August 2003, MTR went live with SAP R/3 and cut out the parallel processing (legacy applications). Quantifiable benefits| Improvement in working capital | In the pre-SAP environment, MTR foods used to procure 65 percent of its raw material requirements on an annual basis. After the ERP implementation, this has come down to 45 percent, and released much working capital. R/3 also lets the company calculate the exact amount of raw materials required, and brings transparency to the supply chain. Now damage, wastage and slow-moving products can be singled out. | Reduced inventory| Pre-SAP, MTR used to take 30 percent stock cover (valued at Rs 70 lakh) for 20 days. This has dropped to 14 days. | Cost control | Earlier, MTR relied on historical data to calculate profitability. According to Shenoy, the problem with this approach was that inter-category product profitability could not be determined. To maintain a good margin, product profitability should be at least 60 percent. But if it gives you only 55 percent, then an analysis needs to be conducted as to why the remaining five percent is not being earned. Additionally, there was no mechanism to check profitability on a regional basis. R/3 helps achieve cost control, category- as well as region-wise. | Fatter margins| In the past, the reasons for input or output wastage, and where those wastages happened, were not known. With R/3 in place, the company has saved one percent of the wastage. This has helped MTR raise its gross margins from 45 percent to 49 percent per month, which translates into an improvement from Rs 20 lakh to Rs 25 lakh per month in profitability. | Tabs on defaulters| MTR had to incur a loss of Rs 45 lakh per month due to payment defaults by its distributors (bouncing of cheques, etc. ) Today, it has been able to cut its losses by blocking the release of fresh orders until a distributor clears the previous invoice and falls in line with the companyââ¬â¢s directions. With this, the company has reduced defaults to Rs 15 lakh per month.
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